Tax planning
Model your own effective-rate assumption
An income figure alone cannot determine tax residency, eligibility or deductions. Enter an assumed effective rate to see the arithmetic, then use the country references to investigate the rules.
- Modeled annual tax
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- After modeled tax
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Country reference notes
Source snapshots and conditions, rather than personalized tax quotes.
| Country | Source reference | Conditions and context | Authority |
|---|---|---|---|
| UAE | 0% | No personal income tax | Source ↗ |
| Paraguay | 0% | Territorial. Foreign income exempt | Source ↗ |
| Panama | 0% | Territorial. Foreign income exempt | Source ↗ |
| Bahamas | 0% | No personal income tax | Source ↗ |
| Malaysia | 0% | FSI exempt if taxed abroad (extended to 2036). Otherwise 0–30% progressive | Source ↗ |
| Costa Rica | 0% | Territorial. Foreign income exempt. DN visa holders pay 0% on remote work income. Local income taxed up to 25% | Source ↗ |
| Georgia | 1% | 1% on revenue under 500K GEL (Small Business Status). Excludes consulting | Source ↗ |
| Singapore | 4% | Progressive 0–22%. ~4% effective at $60K USD for residents | Source ↗ |
| Greece | 7% | 7% flat for foreign pensioners only. Standard freelancer rates: 9-44% progressive. Non-dom investor regime requires 500K+ EUR investment | Source ↗ |
| Bulgaria | 10% | Flat 10% | Source ↗ |
| Serbia | 10% | Flat 10% income tax | Source ↗ |
| Montenegro | 13% | Progressive 0-15% since 2022. Was flat 9%. Most income above 1,000 EUR/mo taxed at 15% | Source ↗ |
| Albania | 15% | Flat 15% | Source ↗ |
| Hungary | 15% | Flat 15% | Source ↗ |
| Czech Republic | 15% | Flat 15% (23% above ~$73K USD) | Source ↗ |
| Croatia | 20% | 20% up to ~$60K, 30% above | Source ↗ |
| Thailand | 20% | Progressive 5–35%. Foreign income taxed if remitted while resident (180+ days) | Source ↗ |
| Estonia | 22% | 22% flat (increased from 20% in 2025). e-Residency: only on distributed profits | Source ↗ |
| Spain | 24% | Beckham Law: 24% flat, 6 years. Employees + DN visa holders eligible. Standard freelancers excluded | Source ↗ |
| Mexico | 25% | Progressive 1.9–35%. ~25% effective at mid-income | Source ↗ |
| Portugal | 28% | NHR ended 2024. Standard progressive up to 48%. IFICI (NHR 2.0) very limited | Source ↗ |
| US | 30% | Federal 10–37% + 15.3% self-employment tax | Source ↗ |
| Australia | 32% | Progressive 0–45%. ~32% effective at mid-income | Source ↗ |
| UK | 33% | 20–45% income tax + NI contributions | Source ↗ |
| Canada | 33% | Federal 15–33% + provincial. ~33% combined effective | Source ↗ |
| Japan | 33% | National 5–45% + municipal 10% | Source ↗ |
| Romania | 35% | 10% income tax + 25% pension (CAS) + 10% health (CASS). Total burden ~35-45% for freelancers | Source ↗ |
| Colombia | 35% | Non-residents: 35% flat on local income. Residents: 0–39% progressive | Source ↗ |
| Netherlands | 37% | Progressive 36.9–49.5% (Box 1) | Source ↗ |
| Ireland | 40% | 20–40% income tax + USC + PRSI | Source ↗ |
| Germany | 42% | Progressive 14-45%. ~42% effective at mid-income. No dedicated DN visa; freelance visa (Section 21) exists but requires German clients | Source ↗ |
| France | 45% | Progressive 0–45% + social charges | Source ↗ |
| Sweden | 50% | National + municipal combined. Up to ~52% | Source ↗ |
| Denmark | 55% | Among highest globally. Up to ~55.9% | Source ↗ |
The rates and notes are imported references dated June 2026. Several apply only to particular regimes or income levels. The calculator intentionally uses your entered assumption instead of applying one fixed country rate to every income.